A mere few weeks into 2026 and amid the current events, the sudden emergence of reports about trees exploding due to extreme cold weather has stirred some attention. However, the reality is not as extreme.
A significant portion of Canada and the northern U.S. is experiencing a severe cold snap, with temperatures dropping below –20 degrees Celsius, and even reaching as low as –40 degrees Celsius with wind chill in certain areas. This frigid weather is attributed to a disruption in the polar vortex, pushing Arctic air farther south into the U.S.
Amidst preparations for the freezing conditions, propelled by the viral claims on social media suggesting possible tree explosions in several states, it is crucial to debunk these exaggerated notions. The impending cold spell poses genuine risks, contributing to a widespread and potentially hazardous winter storm across nearly 30 states over the weekend, although the fear of trees spontaneously bursting is unfounded.
The phenomenon of trees exploding due to extreme cold is rooted in frost cracks, a result of a sudden and drastic drop in temperatures. These cracks, more common in thin-barked trees, can generate loud sounds akin to explosions, caused by the rapid freezing of water and sap within the tree. While these cracks do not harm the tree and typically heal when warmer temperatures return, repeated instances can lead to lasting scars on the tree trunk.
Hardwood trees, particularly those that shed their leaves in winter or are overly pruned, are more susceptible to frost cracks. Certain species like elm, poplar, maple, oak, ash, and fruit-bearing trees are prone to this phenomenon. Non-native trees are at a higher risk during sudden cold snaps, while native trees have evolved to withstand freezing temperatures.
Beyond tree explosions, other cold-induced phenomena like frost quakes and thundersnow can also occur during winter. Frost quakes, caused by rapid freezing of water in the ground, can create loud jolts similar to earthquakes. Thundersnow, an unusual occurrence in winter storms, results from warm moist air meeting cooler air, creating thunder and lightning effects amplified by falling snow.
In conclusion, while the idea of exploding trees due to extreme cold may sound alarming, it is primarily a natural phenomenon related to frost cracks in trees during severe temperature fluctuations. Understanding these processes can provide insights into the impacts of extreme weather events on the environment.