The terrorist attack in Pahalgam on April 22, 2025, resulted in the tragic deaths of 26 tourists in Baisaran Valley near Srinagar, marking a significant event in recent history. This incident prompted India to initiate “Operation Sindoor”, which aimed to target terror infrastructure in Pakistan. The operation demonstrated a firm stance against terrorism and introduced a “zero tolerance” policy that continues to influence security strategies.
A year later, there has been a notable transformation in the security landscape of Jammu and Kashmir. Security forces, working under a unified command, have intensified efforts against terrorist networks, leading to enhanced security measures at tourist spots. Several tourist destinations affected by the attack have reopened with improved security protocols, while others are gradually being restored with upgraded access and road infrastructure.
Following the attack, security operations have shifted towards intelligence-driven initiatives, focusing on both inland and border regions. There has been a significant increase in counter-terrorism activities not only in Jammu and Kashmir but also in various parts of India.
“Operation Sindoor” laid the groundwork for a broader security strategy known as the “Prahaar Doctrine”. This doctrine emphasizes using advanced technologies such as AI-driven intelligence, drone warfare, and monitoring terror financing, including activities on the dark web, to dismantle the terror network. Along the Line of Control, deployments have been bolstered with enhanced artillery, air defense systems, drones, and troop readiness. Additionally, the Border Security Force has been authorized to raise 16 new battalions to strengthen border security.
Joint operations involving multiple agencies like the NIA, Army, Jammu and Kashmir Police, CAPFs, and intelligence bodies have intensified, targeting active terrorists and their support networks. Security forces in the Valley continue to conduct search-and-destroy missions against sleeper cells, supported by aerial surveillance and advanced equipment.
Security measures at tourist sites, particularly in high-altitude and remote areas, have been revamped. Surveillance has been expanded using drones and increased patrolling, while the CISF has been deployed for specialized static security. Advanced defense systems, such as drone warfare capabilities, Akash air defense platforms, and electronic warfare tools, have been integrated to counter emerging threats.
Significant progress has been made in identifying and neutralizing individuals involved in the Pahalgam attack under “Operation Mahadev”. Multiple tourist destinations in Jammu and Kashmir have reopened, including Yousmarg, Doodhpathri, Peer Ki Gali, Thajwas Glacier, Wullar, and the tulip garden in Srinagar. However, Baisaran Valley in Pahalgam remains closed.
Recent intelligence suggests that Pakistan-based terror groups are regrouping after setbacks from Operation Sindoor, with indications of evolving tactics, including potential aerial attacks using kamikaze drones. Defense Minister Rajnath Singh has cautioned against any misadventures by Pakistan, warning of a decisive response.
In the past year, the government has expanded its counter-terrorism framework, focusing on intelligence integration, inter-agency coordination, and technological advancements. Enhanced connectivity through the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) at the district level has improved intelligence sharing, while agencies like NIA, IB, NATGRID, and state ATS units are increasingly leveraging digital tools for coordinated operations. Efforts to combat online radicalization have resulted in increased arrests and convictions, with platforms like NATGRID’s “Gandiva” enhancing intelligence analysis.
Capacity-building initiatives, joint exercises, and forensic enhancements have boosted operational readiness. The NSG has strengthened coordination with states, conducted multi-city counter-terror drills, and trained personnel for complex scenarios like hijack and hostage rescue operations.